• Why Does Dev C++ Give Undefined Reference Error Code
• Why Does Dev C++ Give Undefined Reference Error 1

• Why can't I use conio.h functions like clrsrc? Because conio.h is not part of the C standard. It is a Borland extension, and works only with Borland compilers (and perhaps some other commercial compilers). Dev-C uses GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection, as it's compiler.GCC is originally a UNIX compiler, and aims for portability and standards-compliance.
• Apr 23, 2006  Which library does a Dev-C compiled program have to link with to resolve the following Linker error: undefined reference to 'email protected' ld returned 1 exit status when WinMain is clearly defined in the C source code as the name of main, using the Dev-C environment v4.9.9.2. And #include, i.e.: #include.
• Jun 10, 2016  Give me about 20 minutes to compile this on Code::Blocks and I'll try to help you out. Looking at the code, there's not really any syntax problems, could just be something with files, or your directory or options in the compiler.

Apr 09, 2015  Educated guess, how is 'DLLExport' defined? If it is a macro, did you define the right macro to get it defined correctly? Related question. Is the library providing the missing linking function static or shared (DLL)? Linker error undefined referance to. Vtables and static members Linker error undefined reference to. An included library Linker error undefined reference to `WinMain@16' Linker error undefined reference to ' 'LIBSSH2-DEV C Integration issue Linker error undefined reference to `libssh2 linker error: undefined reference; linker. Nov 02, 2008  Although you can modify environment variables from a command console, they are only set for the duration of the console session. This is what Dev-C does when it temporarily modifies the environment for a build - but as I said it appends the PATH, so any matching executable that appears before hand runs instead. The right answer is to add -lpsapi to the linker options. @ChibuezeOpata: no, that's not the 'right' answer at all; it is of negative utility. You might benefit from exploring 'Give a man a fish'. Or perhaps not, i don't know.

Introduction

The GCC compiler has probably the most complex command line of any tool ever written. There are literally thousands of options available, depending on how you installed and/or built the thing. This article (and the ones that follow) shows you how to use the handful of these many options that you really need for day-to-day C++ and C programming. To follow this article, you will need to have installed GCC – for instructions on how to do this on Windows, see here (if you are on Linux, it’s probably installed already), and be able to use a command line and a text editor.

Note that this tutorial is applicable to both Windows (it was written on Windows), and to Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems, except that I use Windows paths in the examples – Linux users should mentally transpose back-slashes to forward-slashes, and omit drive letters!

Hello World

Let’s start with the canonical C++ “Hello World” program. Fire up a command line prompt, start notepad (or your favourite text editor) and enter this code:

save it as “hello.cpp”, and compile it with the GCC command:

Note from now on I will use ‘$’ to indicate the command prompt – your actual command prompt will almost certainly be something else.

Assuming no syntax errors, GCC will silently compile and link your code. If you look at the directory you are working in, you will find a new file called “a.exe”. This is the executable – you can run it:

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Hurrah! But why has GCC called the executable “a.exe”? Why not, say, “hello.exe”? Well, years ago, when men were men and beards were beards, UNIX compilers produced an executable output file called “a.out”, because it was the output from the assembler (maybe – history gets a bit hazy here), and the GCC compiler has stuck with it, although on Windows it has to be called “a.exe”. However, most people would like a more meaningful name for the executable, and the first GCC command-line option that people learn is -o, which names the executable:

Under Windows, there is no need to tack on the “.exe” extension. You could also supply a path, which would write the executable at that path.

GCC is mostly not sensitive to the order of its options (we’ll see later in this series that sometimes it is) and is not sensitive to spaces between the option and it’s parameter. So these are all equivalent:

My personal preference is to make the -o option the very last on the command line.

Remember:

• Use -o to specify the output executable.

g++ versus gcc

Up until now we have compiled our C++ code with what you may think of as the GCC C++ compiler, called “g++”. What happens if we compile it with what you may think of as the C compiler, which is called “gcc”? Well, you get a lot of error messages:

I’ve actually trimmed all error messages except the first. One thing to notice here – these are not messages from the compiler. Whenever you see “undefined reference” in an error message, it means the error comes from the linker. In other words, GCC has correctly compiled the C++ code in our program, but has failed to link it with the correct C++ libraries. This is because neither “g++” nor “gcc” are really the C++ or C compilers. They are actually drivers for the compiler, the assembler and the linker – you might like to think of them as sophisticated batch programs or shell scripts which manage the whole compilation process. Given a source file, they both do the same thing – if the extension is .cpp, compile it as a C++ file, if the extension is .c, compile it as a C file (you can use other extensions, but don’t). Then, at the link phase, they do something different – g++ links in the C++ libraries, while gcc links in the C libraries. As things like “cout” are in the C++ libraries only, you get the linker errors.

Remember:

• Always compile C++ programs with g++ and not gcc.

Why Does Dev C++ Give Undefined Reference Error Code

-Wall – the most important option

Let’s modify our hello.cpp program – we’ll keep the same file name:

if you compile and run this using the command line we’ve used so far, g++ compiles it without complaint, and you get (or at least I get) this output:

What has happened in here is that a variable called “x” has been created. As it is an automatic (stack) variable, there is no initialisation to zero, as would be the case if it was a static variable, and we don’t (as we should have done) provide an initialisation:

it ends up containing some random stuff. We then output it, and … at the point we output the uninitialised variable, the program has moved into the realm of what both C++ and C call “undefined behaviour”. When your program is in this realm (from which it is impossible to escape), its behaviour is completely unpredictable. Using an uninitialised variable in any way puts your program into this state. and if you haven’t worked it out by now, we don’t want to be here!

So how to avoid it? Well, the GCC compiler has an awful tendency to assume that the programmer knows what he or she is doing, despite the fact that he or she mostly doesn’t. Instead of turning all warnings about things like uninitialised variables on by default, GCC tends to turn them off. But you can turn them on:

Now we get a warning about the uninitialised variable. This is good – we want the compiler to spot every problem, no matter how minor (and this isn’t a minor one), that it can spot. Free vst downloads for fl studio 11.

The -Wall option would appear to warn you about all errors that do not cause compilation to abort. In fact, it only warns about some. There are a lot of other warning options – I recommend you use at least:

Rather than describe in detail what these (and the many other -W options do), I strongly recommend you take a look at the GCC documentation at http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs – if you are serious about using GCC, you really need to read this stuff. However, it’s worth pointing out that the -pedantic option effectively turns off all sorts of GCC extensions that are enabled by default, turning them into warnings or errors. If you intend your code to be at all portable, you should use -pedantic.

Remember:

• Use -Wall -Wextra -pedantic every time you compile a C++ program

Why Does Dev C++ Give Undefined Reference Error 1

The second article in this series covers how to use GCC to do separate compilation and link with libraries.